APPROPRIATE TECHNOLOGY AND INAPPROPRIATE POLITICS: A COMMENT ON BROWN'S “GRASS ROOTS” AND DAVIS'S REPLY

Appropriate and Inappropriate Estimation Techniques

\1ode (also called \1AP\ estimation. mean esumation and median estimation are examined here to determine when they can be 'afely used to derive (posterior) cost mmimwng estimates. !These are all Bayes procedures. using the mode. mean. or median of the posterior distnbu· lion.) [t is found that modal estimation only returns cost m1mmizmg estimates when the cost function is 0L. [f the cost funcuo...

on semihypergroups and hypergroups

in this thesis, first the notion of weak mutual associativity (w.m.a.) and the necessary and sufficient condition for a $(l,gamma)$-associated hypersemigroup $(h, ast)$ derived from some family of $lesssim$-preordered semigroups to be a hypergroup, are given. second, by proving the fact that the concrete categories, semihypergroups and hypergroups have not free objects we will introduce t...

Reply to Dew’s (2007) commentary: “Pre-adaptation, exaptation and technology speciation: a comment on Cattani (2006)”

This article responds to the critique by Nicholas Dew (2007) on an earlier article by Cattani (2006) which suggested that Cattani’s use of the term “pre-adaptation” should be replaced by an alternative term “exaptation.” The article responds to that suggestion and attempts to redirect discussion toward the evolutionary significance of pre-adaptation within the context of technology, a task cent...

COMMENT AND REPLY Comment on ‘ ‘ Polite Culture : ‘ Nice

the effects of multiple intelligences (focus on musical, visual, and linguistic) and direct instruction on learning grammar: a case on iranian efl students at elementary level

1.0 overview it seems that grammar plays a crucial role in the area of second and foreign language learning and widely has been acknowledged in grammar research. in other words, teaching grammar is an issue which has attracted much attention to itself, and a lot of teachers argue about the existence of grammar in language teaching and learning. this issue will remind us a famous sentence f...